There are many different types of birth control pills. Women nowadays have a lot of option when it comes to this subject. That is great news. The only downside of it all is how those pills affect a woman's body to accumulate the pounds and gain weight.
Women's Issues
Gaining weight is not something that most women would want to happen on their bodies, especially when they are on the prime of their lives. This is the reason why there are so many diet tips and tricks available wherever you look, whether online or offline. They are mostly targeted for women.
But the weight gain can also be cured. This may require harder work. But who wouldn't want to work extra hard if it's for a slimmer figure.
So if you think that the pills are taking its toll on your body amass, head on to the gym. Burn those fats and sweat it out.
The Types of Pills
There are many types available in the market. Consult your doctor before deciding on which one will suit you best. They know your body better.
Among those types, three are most widely used. They are the following.
POP stands for Progestin Only Pills. This mini pill has no estrogen. This is best for mothers who are breastfeeding their babies. Why so? Because estrogen has been said to reduce a woman's ability to produce milk. One must take this type at an exact time every day.
This is ideal in lessening the blood loss during menstruation. In doing so, it also alleviates the cramps and other pains that a woman suffers from when they have their menstrual period. But as a side effect, a woman may suffer from spotting every time period.
Combination Pills
The types that fall under this category are oral contraceptives that contain both estrogen and progestin. It can be in the form of Monophasic, Multiphasic and Continuous Use.
This type is said to reduce a woman's risk from having ovarian cancer as well as endometrial cancer. It also helps prevent the case of ectopic pregnancy. This really has many advantages. But one must be cautious in using such because it can cause hypertension. It can make one feel nauseous and may experience vimitting during the first weeks of use.
ECP stands for Emergency Contraceptive Pills. This must not be used on a regular basis. This was actually designed for women to be used after an unprotected sex happened. This is to prevent the woman from conceiving after such act.
This must be taken within 120 hours after being involved in an unprotected sex or else it won't take effect. This is a prescription drug. So it is better to have a stock of it to be taken whenever needed.
This can really prevent pregnancy. But it causes a woman to feel dizzy and fatigued. It also causes abdominal pains as well as tenderness of breasts.
You must remember to take note of the advantages and disadvantages of the pills before you even consider taking them. The different types of birth control pills are your guide for this purpose. These pills can be a woman's best friend but can also be their enemy because of the mere fact that most pills cause weight gain.
Friday 22 July 2011
A Comparison of Birth Control Pills – Helping You Decide
In making a comparison of birth control pills, it should be known that oral contraceptives have been around the market for over 45 years. It was first tagged as the pill when it was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or FDA. This form is the most reliable that women turn to when they want to get pregnant.
Weight Gain
But another side to oral contraceptives is how they affect a woman's body to gain weight. It really is dumbfounding because you will hear such stories from many women who have used the pill for the obvious reason of avoiding pregnancy.
But despite the fact that it causes additional pounds, the celebrity status that birth control pills have been know for have not diminished through time. Women still relay on these for such purpose, whether they gain weight or not.
This really depends on the body type of a person. Some women do not have problems of this sort. But the ladies who belong to such lucky classification have also not been fighting over the weighing scale as they were growing old. The ones who are prone to gain weight from the pills are those who accumulate fats easily through food and whatever they intake.
For this reason, when a woman gains weight from the pills, she must also be ready to counteract it by having the proper diet and right amount of exercise. You must treat it like your ordinary weight gain. This is for you to be able to trust the pill and likewise, not to risk pregnancy when you are still not ready for it.
You must not fear the drug because of the side effect on your weight. Those can be worked out on. Unlike with unexpected pregnancy, you have to live with that for the rest of your life.
A Brief Comparison of the Pills
There are actually many types of this pill available for you to choose from. The POP or Progestin-only pills have no estrogen. This is usually called the mini-pill. It primarily works to thicken the cervical mucus so that the sperm won't be able to enter the uterus. This kind must be taken consistently at a certain time everyday to achieve great results.
Combination pills, meanwhile, are those that have estrogen and progestin. The many kinds under this type are said to prevent women from having ovarian cancer as well as endometrial cancer.
The third most popular are the ECPs or emergency contraceptive pills. This must be taken after 120 hours of committing unprotected sex. The drug will prevent you from impregnating as the cause of the act. This shouldn't be taken regularly though. It is only when needed that one should subject herself to this type of pill.
The important thing to remember when choosing the type of pill that will suit your body is to consult your doctor about it. They know about what will work best for you in terms of this condition because they have scientific knowledge about the field.
This is just a brief comparison of birth control pills. There are a lot more available in the market. And for sure, a lot more will be discovered and developed as time passes by.
Weight Gain
But another side to oral contraceptives is how they affect a woman's body to gain weight. It really is dumbfounding because you will hear such stories from many women who have used the pill for the obvious reason of avoiding pregnancy.
But despite the fact that it causes additional pounds, the celebrity status that birth control pills have been know for have not diminished through time. Women still relay on these for such purpose, whether they gain weight or not.
This really depends on the body type of a person. Some women do not have problems of this sort. But the ladies who belong to such lucky classification have also not been fighting over the weighing scale as they were growing old. The ones who are prone to gain weight from the pills are those who accumulate fats easily through food and whatever they intake.
For this reason, when a woman gains weight from the pills, she must also be ready to counteract it by having the proper diet and right amount of exercise. You must treat it like your ordinary weight gain. This is for you to be able to trust the pill and likewise, not to risk pregnancy when you are still not ready for it.
You must not fear the drug because of the side effect on your weight. Those can be worked out on. Unlike with unexpected pregnancy, you have to live with that for the rest of your life.
A Brief Comparison of the Pills
There are actually many types of this pill available for you to choose from. The POP or Progestin-only pills have no estrogen. This is usually called the mini-pill. It primarily works to thicken the cervical mucus so that the sperm won't be able to enter the uterus. This kind must be taken consistently at a certain time everyday to achieve great results.
Combination pills, meanwhile, are those that have estrogen and progestin. The many kinds under this type are said to prevent women from having ovarian cancer as well as endometrial cancer.
The third most popular are the ECPs or emergency contraceptive pills. This must be taken after 120 hours of committing unprotected sex. The drug will prevent you from impregnating as the cause of the act. This shouldn't be taken regularly though. It is only when needed that one should subject herself to this type of pill.
The important thing to remember when choosing the type of pill that will suit your body is to consult your doctor about it. They know about what will work best for you in terms of this condition because they have scientific knowledge about the field.
This is just a brief comparison of birth control pills. There are a lot more available in the market. And for sure, a lot more will be discovered and developed as time passes by.
Tuesday 19 July 2011
Birth Control Pill
The birth control pill is considered the most popular means of contraceptives in the whole world. Its popularity did not only stem out from its convenience but also from its effectivity. In fact, because it is so easy to use and can be purchased almost everywhere, the birth control pill is also the most used means of family planning out there.
Today, many women are using the birth control pill to prevent themselves from early pregnancy but it seems that they don’t have sufficient knowledge about it.
More and more women remain elusive and ignorant about the birth control pill because they do not bother to get information from the experts such as oby gynes and healthcare professionals. In fact, studies show that majority of the women who re using the birth control pill have heard about the medication from other women who used it and not from the authorities who know more about the pros and cons of the birth control pill.
What you need to know about the birth control pill
For women who are sexually active, proper information about the birth control pill should be acquired first before they finally decide to use it as a contraceptive. Having enough information on how to use it as well as of its advantages and disadvantages can help women make smart decisions about their lives.
Commonly called as “the pill,” the birth control pill remains the topmost choice of women to prevent themselves from getting pregnant. Taken daily, the birth control pill is known to contain hormones that affect the way how the woman’s body works. Once taken, there will be hormonal changes in the body that prevents possible pregnancy.
Studies show that the hormones contained in the birth control pill are a combination of various chemicals and substances which manipulate how the organs in the body function. These hormones in a birth control pill specifically target the way a woman’s uterus and ovaries work.
For the birth control pill to work it should contain a combination and of hormones such as progesterone and estrogen that prevents the release of the egg every menstruation or “ovulation”. Once no ovulation takes place, there will also not fertilization of the egg that leads to pregnancy.
Aside from preventing ovulation, the birth control pill also thickens the mucus around the woman’s cervix to prevent the sperm from entering the uterus and also affects the lining of the uterus which makes it harder for the egg to be attached to the uterus.
When taking a birth control pill, it is very important to religiously take it daily so you can achieve its effectivity.
To ensure that there will be no pregnancy; women who are taking pills should also use other forms of contraceptives during the first week in case the pill doesn’t work right away. Taking the pills everyday—ideally at the same exact time—is very important to prevent one’s self from getting pregnant.
Advantages and disadvantages of the birth control pill
The major advantages of using a birth control pill is that it can prevent a woman from getting into early or unplanned pregnancy. However, improper use of the birth control pill can also lead to possible side effects such as irregular cycle of menstruation, headaches, nausea, dizziness, gaining of weight, tenderness of the breast, emotional fluctuations or being moody, and in rare cases, blood clots.
To avoid any complications from using the birth control pill, it is always best to consult a doctor or healthcare provider before using any contraceptives.
Today, many women are using the birth control pill to prevent themselves from early pregnancy but it seems that they don’t have sufficient knowledge about it.
More and more women remain elusive and ignorant about the birth control pill because they do not bother to get information from the experts such as oby gynes and healthcare professionals. In fact, studies show that majority of the women who re using the birth control pill have heard about the medication from other women who used it and not from the authorities who know more about the pros and cons of the birth control pill.
What you need to know about the birth control pill
For women who are sexually active, proper information about the birth control pill should be acquired first before they finally decide to use it as a contraceptive. Having enough information on how to use it as well as of its advantages and disadvantages can help women make smart decisions about their lives.
Commonly called as “the pill,” the birth control pill remains the topmost choice of women to prevent themselves from getting pregnant. Taken daily, the birth control pill is known to contain hormones that affect the way how the woman’s body works. Once taken, there will be hormonal changes in the body that prevents possible pregnancy.
Studies show that the hormones contained in the birth control pill are a combination of various chemicals and substances which manipulate how the organs in the body function. These hormones in a birth control pill specifically target the way a woman’s uterus and ovaries work.
For the birth control pill to work it should contain a combination and of hormones such as progesterone and estrogen that prevents the release of the egg every menstruation or “ovulation”. Once no ovulation takes place, there will also not fertilization of the egg that leads to pregnancy.
Aside from preventing ovulation, the birth control pill also thickens the mucus around the woman’s cervix to prevent the sperm from entering the uterus and also affects the lining of the uterus which makes it harder for the egg to be attached to the uterus.
When taking a birth control pill, it is very important to religiously take it daily so you can achieve its effectivity.
To ensure that there will be no pregnancy; women who are taking pills should also use other forms of contraceptives during the first week in case the pill doesn’t work right away. Taking the pills everyday—ideally at the same exact time—is very important to prevent one’s self from getting pregnant.
Advantages and disadvantages of the birth control pill
The major advantages of using a birth control pill is that it can prevent a woman from getting into early or unplanned pregnancy. However, improper use of the birth control pill can also lead to possible side effects such as irregular cycle of menstruation, headaches, nausea, dizziness, gaining of weight, tenderness of the breast, emotional fluctuations or being moody, and in rare cases, blood clots.
To avoid any complications from using the birth control pill, it is always best to consult a doctor or healthcare provider before using any contraceptives.
Thursday 16 June 2011
Birth Control and Heavy Period
Menorrhagia better known as heavy period is a common problem for women. This is because the person may suffer from severe anemia and the only way to save her life is through blood transfusions. There are several causes such as hormonal imbalance, uterine fibroids, polyps, dysfunction of the ovaries, adenomyosis, IUDs, medications, pregnancy complications and cancer. Of those mentioned, two are directly linked to birth control.
Hormonal imbalance happens may occur when you get too much estrogen and progesterone in your system. You have to remember that these two hormones are produced by the body and when you take pills that also carry this ingredient, a hormonal balance occurs. This is prevalent among adolescent girls and women who are nearing menopause.
Another is by using intrauterine devices or IUDs. Just like pills, this T-shaped plastic device is either wrapped in copper or contains hormones. Both are effective in preventing pregnancy but if ever you experience heavy bleeding, you need to remove it.
If you experience heavy bleeding as a result of either of the birth control methods, it is best to see a doctor immediately and tell that person when this happened.
Your doctor will ask you questions about your medical history before a physical exam will be done. These include blood tests, an endometrial biopsy, Pap test and ultrasound scan.
Should there be additional tests needed, you may undergo a sonohysterogram, a hysteroscopy or dilation and curettage otherwise known as D&C. This is done of course to rule out other menstrual disorders.
Treatment for heavy period is based on your current health and medical history. If it has been found that birth control devices are the culprit, you may have to switch to another device so this will never happen again.
Often recommended by doctors are oral contraceptives because it has been proven to help regulate ovulation and reduce episodes of heavy periods. Since this may not go away right away, the doctor may also prescribe NSAIDs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the heavy period. They are also known to relive painful menstrual cramps.
There are two types namely combination birth control pills and progestin only pills. You should keep in mind that there are certain side effects in using them and if this is a problem, you should ask your doctor to reduce the dosage or recommend something else.
If birth control is not the reason and you are anemic, the answer will be to take iron supplements as part of your daily diet.
Should heavy periods still occur, this is the time that surgery may be the final solution. Some examples of these include Dilation and curettage or D&C, operative hysteroscopy, endometrial ablation, endometrial resection and hysterectomy.
Except for the last one mentioned, the others can be done on an outpatient basis. You can check in the hospital or clinic in the morning and be out by lunch or in the early afternoon.
The different birth control methods are effective in preventing pregnancy but not all of them can protect you from sexually transmitted diseases or STDs. Two of those mentioned above are directly linked to heavy periods or menorrhagia so if you don't want this to happen, you should be examined regularly by a doctor and consider other conventional birth control methods.
Hormonal imbalance happens may occur when you get too much estrogen and progesterone in your system. You have to remember that these two hormones are produced by the body and when you take pills that also carry this ingredient, a hormonal balance occurs. This is prevalent among adolescent girls and women who are nearing menopause.
Another is by using intrauterine devices or IUDs. Just like pills, this T-shaped plastic device is either wrapped in copper or contains hormones. Both are effective in preventing pregnancy but if ever you experience heavy bleeding, you need to remove it.
If you experience heavy bleeding as a result of either of the birth control methods, it is best to see a doctor immediately and tell that person when this happened.
Your doctor will ask you questions about your medical history before a physical exam will be done. These include blood tests, an endometrial biopsy, Pap test and ultrasound scan.
Should there be additional tests needed, you may undergo a sonohysterogram, a hysteroscopy or dilation and curettage otherwise known as D&C. This is done of course to rule out other menstrual disorders.
Treatment for heavy period is based on your current health and medical history. If it has been found that birth control devices are the culprit, you may have to switch to another device so this will never happen again.
Often recommended by doctors are oral contraceptives because it has been proven to help regulate ovulation and reduce episodes of heavy periods. Since this may not go away right away, the doctor may also prescribe NSAIDs or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce the heavy period. They are also known to relive painful menstrual cramps.
There are two types namely combination birth control pills and progestin only pills. You should keep in mind that there are certain side effects in using them and if this is a problem, you should ask your doctor to reduce the dosage or recommend something else.
If birth control is not the reason and you are anemic, the answer will be to take iron supplements as part of your daily diet.
Should heavy periods still occur, this is the time that surgery may be the final solution. Some examples of these include Dilation and curettage or D&C, operative hysteroscopy, endometrial ablation, endometrial resection and hysterectomy.
Except for the last one mentioned, the others can be done on an outpatient basis. You can check in the hospital or clinic in the morning and be out by lunch or in the early afternoon.
The different birth control methods are effective in preventing pregnancy but not all of them can protect you from sexually transmitted diseases or STDs. Two of those mentioned above are directly linked to heavy periods or menorrhagia so if you don't want this to happen, you should be examined regularly by a doctor and consider other conventional birth control methods.
Thursday 9 June 2011
Birth Control and Side Effects
There are different types of birth control pills around. Before you start using any, you should consider the side effects.
Studies have shown that there are only two methods that do not have side effects. First is abstaining however, it may be hard sometimes to control the urge if both of you feel like doing it. The best thing to do then is outercourse or masturbation so the sperm will never come into contact with the egg.
The second is with the use of condoms because it does not release any hormones into the body and it is simply used as a barrier that is disposed off after intercourse.
Spermicides come in different forms. There are creams, film, gel, suppositories and tablets. The side effects of using them include the risk of TSS and one of you will experience a burning or itching sensation. It rarely causes a skin rash but when it happens, this will only go away after some time.
Those who choose to use the diaphragm are at risk of bladder and urinary tract infections. If you have had this in the past, you are strongly discouraged to stop using it. There have also been cases of toxic shock syndrome or TSS but is also quite rate. This should not left in the vagina for more than 24 hours because there will soon be a smelly vaginal discharge, an inflammation or an infection could occur.
Birth control pills have a lot of side effects. These include breast tenderness, headaches, mood changes, nausea, spotting and weight gain. It may also contribute to blood clots, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, breast and liver cancer.
Apart from conventional birth control pills, there is a new one called Seasonale. Since it has been around for only 5 years, there have only been a few reported cases of blood clots in the legs or lungs, stoppage or rupture of a blood vessel in the heart and other organs, liver tumors and high blood pressure. However, those who have been taking it regularly complain of breast tenderness, weight gain, vomiting and difficulty wearing contact lenses.
The morning after pill is better known as an emergency contraceptive pill or ECP. This must be taken 120 hours after unprotected vaginal intercourse. Its side effects are similar to that of conventional pills but if you happen to vomit within an hour of ingesting the pill, it is advised that you call a doctor. Another thing to keep in mind is that this should not be used as a regular birth control pill.
The patch is another and this is applied to the skin. One patch is good for a week and this has to be placed for three consecutive weeks and can be placed anywhere in the body. On the fourth week, the female doesn’t have to stick anything so she can normally go through her monthly menstrual cycle. Side effects include application site reaction, breast symptoms, headaches, mood swings and vomiting.
Injectables are injected into the body every three months. The sides effects include irregular periods, weight gain and vomiting. Something similar to that are implants and those who use it may experience irregular bleeding, headaches, nausea, depression, dizziness, nervousness, weight gain or loss and hair loss.
Majority of the birth control methods around have side effects. If you don’t want to experience any, perhaps not having sex at all is the answer to your problems.
Monday 6 June 2011
Birth Control Options
Family planning is a must in today's modern society. People are slowly becoming more and more aware of the implications both good and bad of planning the family. Most importantly people are becoming more and more aware of the different options that they have for planning their family. Different kinds of birth control options are now widely accepted as normal and part of everyday life.
Family planning has made enormous waves when it comes to controversy, different anti-family planning groups call it artificial control of what God has given and since most family planning methods involve products that have been manufactured by man and their companies people say that it is also like playing God since we have control over the number of members we want in our family.
Birth control options have been subject to a lot of debate and argument in the past and in the present, but even with all the opposition it gets from different sectors it still remains as the number one option of people who want to take care of how their family. What are the advantages of having birth control options?
There are a lot of different pros and cons to it but to have a good idea of some of the things that we can benefit from birth control let’s go ahead and take a look into birth control a little more.
Birth control also helps prevent STD’s or sexually transmitted diseases. Yes it’s true, most birth control options if not some of it can help prevent Sexually transmitted diseases. We all know that STD’s infect people through transferring the infection during sexual activities. Since the main function of birth control devices is to prevent contact between two different cells, the damage and the scope of the damage can be minimized in terms of getting the infection. One of the most reliable if not most used form of contraception that helps prevent transmission of STD is the condom.
It is a type of rolled up barrier protection.
Condoms can either be male or female types. Most commonly used are the male type condoms. There are a lot of it available at check out counters in various stores, it is easy to use and requires no expert tip or help whatsoever, to use it simply roll it out from the tip of the penis to the base. Make sure that you pinch the air out once it has made contact with the base of your penis.
The condom is one of the most effective and simple ways that we can use to first prevent Sexually transmitted diseases and second avoid unplanned and unscheduled pregnancies.
Because of it’s simplicity and effectivity of the condom later on the female condom would be invented. The principle of the female condom is the same with the male condom, and basically has the same effectivity for birth control and protection. The only major difference if the relative difference in sizes.
For those who do not like artificial forms birth control, there are alternatives. One of the alternatives of artificial contraception would be natural family planning or birth control. Natural methods involve a lot of effort and hard work because of the nature of the many methods used for it.
Birth control options like these help us in planning ahead. We need to be a better country for the future generations.
Family planning has made enormous waves when it comes to controversy, different anti-family planning groups call it artificial control of what God has given and since most family planning methods involve products that have been manufactured by man and their companies people say that it is also like playing God since we have control over the number of members we want in our family.
Birth control options have been subject to a lot of debate and argument in the past and in the present, but even with all the opposition it gets from different sectors it still remains as the number one option of people who want to take care of how their family. What are the advantages of having birth control options?
There are a lot of different pros and cons to it but to have a good idea of some of the things that we can benefit from birth control let’s go ahead and take a look into birth control a little more.
Birth control also helps prevent STD’s or sexually transmitted diseases. Yes it’s true, most birth control options if not some of it can help prevent Sexually transmitted diseases. We all know that STD’s infect people through transferring the infection during sexual activities. Since the main function of birth control devices is to prevent contact between two different cells, the damage and the scope of the damage can be minimized in terms of getting the infection. One of the most reliable if not most used form of contraception that helps prevent transmission of STD is the condom.
It is a type of rolled up barrier protection.
Condoms can either be male or female types. Most commonly used are the male type condoms. There are a lot of it available at check out counters in various stores, it is easy to use and requires no expert tip or help whatsoever, to use it simply roll it out from the tip of the penis to the base. Make sure that you pinch the air out once it has made contact with the base of your penis.
The condom is one of the most effective and simple ways that we can use to first prevent Sexually transmitted diseases and second avoid unplanned and unscheduled pregnancies.
Because of it’s simplicity and effectivity of the condom later on the female condom would be invented. The principle of the female condom is the same with the male condom, and basically has the same effectivity for birth control and protection. The only major difference if the relative difference in sizes.
For those who do not like artificial forms birth control, there are alternatives. One of the alternatives of artificial contraception would be natural family planning or birth control. Natural methods involve a lot of effort and hard work because of the nature of the many methods used for it.
Birth control options like these help us in planning ahead. We need to be a better country for the future generations.
A Brief History of Birth Control
Here's a brief look at the history of birth control. Although pills are very much in demand to avoid getting pregnant for women, these are also causing quite a stir.
The reason for this is because birth control pills are known for one side effect. More and more women are complaining that the pills cause them to gain weight. For the ladies who use the pill just to avoid the risk of pregnancy, this is definitely not a good news.
When a woman gains weight because of the pills, it causes her to look at the other options. But not everybody is affected of this kind of side effect. Some women don't have weight issues regarding the use of birth control pills.
But for the women who are prone to such effect, there are other forms of birth control that they can choose to use. They can go the natural way or the rhythm method. This is where the partners will become involved in a sexual act only when the female is not fertile.
There are methods that are being injected and inserted to the women's genitals to obtain same effect as the pills. And among the popular ones is through the use of condoms. Nowadays, both men and women have condoms suited for their private parts.
The History
The oldest form of birth control can be the sexual abstinence. But aside from it, the withdrawal effect can also be considered as one.
Coined as the coitus interruptus, this means that the penis of a man will withdraw from the woman's genitals before the ejaculation. This prevents him from transmitting into the lady or his partner any vital sperm that may cause pregnancy. But this requires a lot of self control on the part of men.
It was also believed that Egyptian women have used suppository for their vaginas on old ages. The term for this type is pessary. This contains oil and other lubricants that will kill the sperm once the woman becomes involved in a sexual act.
The equivalent of today's female condoms at the time is a cervical cap for Asian women. This is like oiled paper. And for the same goal, Europeans have used beeswax. It was not until the 17th century that a condom was invented. When it was first introduced, it wasn't as popular as today. And it was intended not only to avoid the risk of pregnancy but also to avoid acquiring sexually transmitted disease like syphilis.
Throughout human history,there are various abortifacients that have been used. But the effects vary and those that were proven effective caused a lot of side effects. In the developing years, the herbal medium was used to act as a contraceptive.
The 20th century introduced the rhythm method or the natural way. It is still being applied today and can be as effective as the birth control pills but will also require a lot of control from both concerning partners.
In 1960, the FDA approved the pill that is now known as birth control. It was in 1972 that the pill became available for married ladies and singles ones who are over the age of 21. This was part of the 26th Amendment.
This brief history of birth control shows you its popularity through time. Although, it is also known to cause added weight, people rely on one or two types in hopes of not risking getting their partners pregnant at the time that they are still not ready for it.
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